Heavy Metal Contamination Threatens Nearly One-Fifth of Global Farmland

[konerto]

As much as 17% of the world’s cropland is contaminated with at least one toxic heavy metal, potentially affecting the health of up to 1.4 billion people, scientists cautioned in a new global study published in Science. The research provides the first comprehensive overview of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils, using data from nearly 800,000 soil samples collected worldwide.

Led by environmental scientist Deyi Hou of Tsinghua University in China, the study used a meta-analysis approach—drawing from numerous prior studies—and machine learning to assess the extent and severity of contamination. To ensure accuracy, the researchers excluded samples taken from sites known to be polluted, focusing instead on areas representative of typical agricultural use.

The analysis examined concentrations of seven heavy metals known to pose serious risks to health and agriculture: arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead. These metals can accumulate in crops, enter food chains, and spread into water systems, posing dangers to humans, animals, and ecosystems even at relatively low concentrations.

Using AI-assisted analysis, the researchers estimated that between 14% and 17% of the world’s arable land exceeds safe levels for at least one of these metals. The study identifies high-risk zones where approximately 900 million to 1.4 billion people may be exposed to toxic elements through soil and food.

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Sources of heavy metal contamination include both natural geological processes and human activities such as industrial emissions, mining, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

The authors also pointed out a significant data gap in many regions, particularly in Africa, which limits the ability to design precise mitigation strategies. Instead, the study aims to serve as a global warning, urging policymakers and agricultural communities to take immediate steps to manage and remediate contaminated soils.

Soil chemist Wakene Negassa of the James Hutton Institute, who was not involved in the study, noted that the true scale of the problem may be even greater due to insufficient data and potential underreporting. “The actual extent of global soil pollution may far exceed what is presented by the authors,” he commented.

The findings call for urgent international collaboration to monitor soil health, implement safer agricultural practices, and prevent further degradation of vital farmland resources.

[yaktown]

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