Anomalous Hall Effect Observed in Magnetization-Free Antiferromagnet

[konerto]

An international team of researchers has observed the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in a collinear antiferromagnet—a material long thought to be incompatible with such a phenomenon. Led by Mayukh Kumar Ray, Mingxuan Fu, and Satoru Nakatsuji of the University of Tokyo, alongside Collin Broholm of Johns Hopkins University, the team also found that this effect arises from a non-Fermi liquid state, where electron behavior defies traditional models. The discovery, reported in Nature Communications, challenges conventional understanding and expands the scope of antiferromagnetic materials for future technologies.

In basic terms, electron spins—either "up" or "down"—determine magnetic properties. In ferromagnets, spins align uniformly, producing magnetization that can generate a transverse voltage, or Hall voltage, even without an external magnetic field. This is the anomalous Hall effect. However, in antiferromagnets, opposing spin alignments cancel out net magnetization, making the AHE theoretically unlikely.

Yet, the team successfully detected a significant anomalous Hall effect in a collinear antiferromagnet with no net magnetization, a surprising result. While earlier studies hinted at the presence of AHE in some antiferromagnets, previous signals were weak. This study provides the first clear and strong evidence of the effect in such a system.

"Identifying a genuinely magnetization-free anomalous Hall effect has been of great interest both scientifically and technologically," said Nakatsuji.

To achieve this, Fu and her colleagues employed transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)—layered materials known for their unique electronic properties. By embedding magnetic ions between the layers, the researchers created a 3D structure capable of hosting electron behaviors not present in 2D forms.

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Broholm’s team verified the material’s collinear antiferromagnetic structure at the microscopic level, while Ryotaro Arita’s group at the University of Tokyo contributed theoretical modeling to support the findings. The researchers measured the AHE across various temperatures and magnetic fields, revealing an unexpectedly strong signal.

Fu noted that assembling the data into a coherent interpretation was particularly difficult, given the structural disorder often present in TMD-based systems. “Every stage of the analysis demanded care, especially due to the complexity of the material,” she said.

The findings challenge the long-standing notion that AHE depends on magnetization. Instead, researchers propose that the unusual electron band structure of the material creates a powerful "virtual magnetic field," enhancing the Hall effect even in the absence of magnetization.

Nakatsuji emphasized the need for further exploration. “We're now focused on experimentally validating this hypothesis. We’re using additional methods like Raman spectroscopy to uncover the mechanisms behind this remarkable phenomenon.”

This breakthrough not only reshapes the theoretical landscape of magnetism and transport phenomena but also points toward new possibilities for spintronic devices that leverage antiferromagnetic materials.

[yaktown]

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